Search results for "Interleukin 3"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Interleukin-31 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in plasma and lymph node from Hodgkin lymphoma patients
2017
Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a tumor of B-cell origin characterized by Hodgkin and Reed-Stenberg (H/RS) cells embedded in an inflammatory tissue where numerous cytokines/chemokines contribute to shape the microenvironment, leading to the typical clinical symptoms. We investigated: i) the expression of Interleukin-IL-31 (IL-31) and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), two Th2-related cytokines with tumor-promoting and pruritogenic functions, and of the respective receptors in HL invaded lymph nodes by flow cytometry, and ii) the potential association of IL-31/TSLP plasma concentrations with clinical characteristics by ELISA. H/RS cells and the major immune cell types infiltrating HL lymph nodes …
IL-33/ST2 pathway drives regulatory T cell dependent suppression of liver damage upon cytomegalovirus infection.
2017
Regulatory T (Treg) cells dampen an exaggerated immune response to viral infections in order to avoid immunopathology. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are herpesviruses usually causing asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent hosts and induce strong cellular immunity which provides protection against CMV disease. It remains unclear how these persistent viruses manage to avoid induction of immunopathology not only during the acute infection but also during life-long persistence and virus reactivation. This may be due to numerous viral immunoevasion strategies used to specifically modulate immune responses but also induction of Treg cells by CMV infection. Here we demonstrate that liver Treg cells …
Gatekeeper role of brain antigen‐presenting CD11c + cells in neuroinflammation
2015
Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. The entry and survival of pathogenic T cells in the CNS are crucial for the initiation and persistence of autoimmune neuroinflammation. In this respect, contradictory evidence exists on the role of the most potent type of antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells. Applying intravital two-photon microscopy, we demonstrate the gatekeeper function of CNS professional antigen-presenting CD11c(+) cells, which preferentially interact with Th17 cells. IL-17 expression correlates with expression of GM-CSF by T cells and with accumulation of CNS CD11c(+) cells. These CD11c(+) cells are organized in perivascular clusters…
IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway
2018
Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune system (adaptive and innate). Given their importance in proinflammatory processes, cytokines have been used for understanding the pathogenesis and as biomarkers in many diseases. IL-31 and IL-33 are still considered novel cytokines. IL-31 controls signalling and regulates a huge amount of biological functions: it induces proinflammatory cytokines, regulates cell proliferation, and is involved also in tissue remodelling. On the other hand, IL-33 has been identified as an “alarmin” released from the epithelial cells and from different human tissues and organs after a damage following, that is, an inflammatory process. The aim of…
Interleukin 3- receptor targeted exosomes inhibit in vitro and in vivo chronic myelogenous Leukemia cell growth
2017
Despite Imatinib (IM), a selective inhibitor of Bcr-Abl, having led to improved prognosis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients, acquired resistance and long-term adverse effects is still being encountered. There is, therefore, urgent need to develop alternative strategies to overcome drug resistance. According to the molecules expressed on their surface, exosomes can target specific cells. Exosomes can also be loaded with a variety of molecules, thereby acting as a vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic agents. In this study, we engineered HEK293T cells to express the exosomal protein Lamp2b, fused to a fragment of Interleukin 3 (IL3). The IL3 receptor (IL3-R) is overexpressed in CML…
IL-33 promotes food anaphylaxis in epicutaneously sensitized mice by targeting mast cells
2016
Background Cutaneous exposure to food allergens predisposes to food allergy, which is commonly associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Levels of the epithelial cytokine IL-33 are increased in skin lesions and serum of patients with AD. Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in food-induced anaphylaxis and express the IL-33 receptor ST2. The role of IL-33 in patients with MC-dependent food anaphylaxis is unknown. Objective We sought to determine the role and mechanism of action of IL-33 in patients with food-induced anaphylaxis in a model of IgE-dependent food anaphylaxis elicited by oral challenge of epicutaneously sensitized mice. Methods Wild-type, ST2-deficient, and MC-deficient Kit W-sh/…
Possible Roles of IL-33 in the Innate-Adaptive Immune Crosstalk of Psoriasis Pathogenesis
2019
Background. IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family, playing a role in several biologic processes as well as in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including skin pathologies. It acts as an alarmin, released by damaged cells. Binding to a ST2 receptor, it stimulates many immune cells such as ILC2 and Th2 cells. IL-33/ST2 axis seems to be involved in Th17 response. According to this, a review was performed to analyze if IL-33 even interplay in the onset of psoriasis, a Th1/Th17 inflammatory disease. Methods. Data obtained from the included articles are study author name, publication date, group studied, clinical and biological variables, laboratory tests, and outcome of interest of the study. R…
Interleukin-9 and T helper type 9 cells in rheumatic diseases
2016
Summary Interleukin (IL)-9 is a 28-30 kDa monomeric glycosylated polypeptide belonging to the IL-7/IL-9 family of proteins that bind to a composite receptor consisting of the private receptor IL-9R and the IL-2 receptor, gamma (IL-2RG), a common gamma subunit shared by the receptors of many different cytokines. The IL-9R is expressed widely and IL-9 impacts a number of effector cells, such as effector T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, mast cells, polymorphonuclear cells, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, playing an important role in regulating inflammatory immunity. The critical role of IL-9 in promoting cellular and humoral immune responses makes it an important focus of pot…
Mast cells as initiators of immunity and host defense
2001
Until recently, mast cells have been viewed primarily as harmful because of their key role as effector cells of allergic and potentially lethal anaphylactic reactions. Their contribution to human health appeared instead to be limited to the elimination of parasites. There is, however, growing evidence for additional beneficial functions of mast cells, particularly regarding the initiation of acquired immune reactions. Thus, mast cells can phagocytize diverse particles, take up antigens, and express a number of receptors, particularly MHC class I and II antigens, ICAM-1 and -3, CD43, CD80, CD86 and CD40L which allow them to interact with T and B lymphocytes. They can also secrete numerous cy…
Notch‐1 signaling activation sustains overexpression of interleukin 33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps
2019
Abstract BACKGROUND: Alterations in the nasal epithelial barrier homeostasis and increased interleukin 33 (IL-33) expression contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). AIMS: As Notch-1 signaling is crucial in repair processes of mucosa, the current study assessed Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling and IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps biopsies from allergic (A-CRSwNP; n = 9) and not allergic (NA-CRSwNP; n = 9) subjects by immunohistochemistry. We also assessed, in a model of nasal epithelial cells, the effects of stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 on the expression of IL-33 (by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemistry), Jagged-1 (…